Which scenario illustrates a runway incursion?

• A. An aircraft lands on a taxiway
• B. Traffic on the runway while another aircraft is attempting takeoff
• C. A plane holding at a designated point awaiting clearance
• D. Ground personnel performing maintenance on an aircraft

Answer: (B)

A runway incursion refers to any unauthorized presence of an aircraft, vehicle, or person on a runway during operations. In the case of an aircraft attempting to take off while there is traffic on the runway, this situation presents a significant safety risk as it increases the likelihood of a collision. When one aircraft is cleared for takeoff and another is present on the runway, it constitutes a direct violation of operational procedures and safety protocols, thereby qualifying it as a runway incursion.

The other scenarios do not fit this definition. When an aircraft lands on a taxiway, it demonstrates an improper landing situation but does not involve two active operations on the runway. Holding an aircraft at a designated point awaiting clearance indicates a controlled and safe operation, as the aircraft is not on the runway itself. Ground personnel performing maintenance on an aircraft may present safety concerns but does not involve multiple aircraft interactions that characterize a runway incursion. Therefore, the correct identification of option B encompasses the critical elements of an incursion scenario.